Four principles of polya’s way in problem solving learning theory.

Polya’s first principle : understand the proble

                This seems so obvios that is often not even mentioned, yet students are often stucked in their efforts to solve problems simply because they don’t understand it fully, or even in all part of the problems. So that’s why teachers need to ask the students with the questions such as :

·         Do you understand all the words used in stating the problem?

·         What are you asked to find or show?

·         Can you restate the problem in your own words?

·         Can you think of a picture or diagram that might help you understand the problem?

·         Is there enough information to enable you to find the solution?

                                                Polya’s second principle : devise the plan

                Mention that there are many reasonable ways to solve the problem. The skill at choosing an appropriate strategy is best learned by solving many problems. The student’s  will find choosing a strategy increasingly easy. A partial list of strategy is included :

·         Guess and check

·         Make an orderly list

·         Eliminate possibilities

·         Use symmetry

·         Consider special cases

·         Use direct reasoning

·         Solve an equation look for a patern

·         Solve a simple problem

·         Use a model

·         Work backwards

·         Use a formula

·         Be ingenious

·         Or Everything the way you have to solve the problem

v                                                                                            Polya’s third principle : carry out the plan

                This step is usually easier than devising the plan. In general, all you need is care and patience, given that you have the necessary skills. Persist with the plan that you have choosen. If it is continuous not to work discard it and choose anoher. Don’t be missed, this is how mathematics is done, even by propessionals.

v                                                                                           Polya’s fourth principle : look back

                Mentions that much can be gained by taking the time to reflect and look back at what you have done, what worked, and what didn’t. doing this will enable you to predict what strategy to use solve future problems.

                                           The example of problem solving questions using polya’s principle.

two farmers Mr. A and Mr. B have 8 pounds of vegetable oil. they want to divide the vegetable oil into two parts equally. Mr. A has a pan-charged 8 pounds, while Mr.. B has two pans are charged 5 pounds and 3 pounds.

help farmers to divide the vegetable oil which is owned by not having to use another toolat their disposal than the pan.

answers

                                                                                                               

                                                                      Mr. A                  Mr. B

suppose that all the vegetable oil in a skillet Mr. A. we started moving the vegetable oil.

                                                                      8kg                    0kg 0kg

                                                                      5kg                    0kg 3kg

                                                                      5kg                    3kg 0kg

                                                                      2kg                    3kg 3kg

                                                                      2kg                    5kg 1kg

                                                                      7kg                    0kg 1kg

                                                                      7kg                    1kg 0kg

                                                                      4kg                    1kg 3kg

Name : Abduh

NIM    : 06101008005

Email : bedoe_gates@yahoo.co.id

Dasar dan Proses Pembelajaran Matematika.